Evaluation of Vancomycin Properties

Evaluation of vancomycin PropertiesvancomycinAbstractVancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic drug which has been clinically utilise to treat a puffy number of species of gram-positive bacteria. Pharmacodynamic dosing of antibiotics has a significant do on antibiotic perfor earthly concernce. But it seems to be little difference in the pharmacodynamics of continuously process vancomycin. Many studies show that vancomycin is a concentration-independent killer and that the AUC/MIC is the close to virtual(a) pharmacodynamic parameter to evaluate effectiveness.Key words (AUC area under the curve. MIC stripped-down inhibitory concentration. MRSA methcillin-resistant strains).IntroductionVancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic which has been clinically utilise to treat a large number of species of gram-positive bacteria much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis (including resistant strains), streptococci pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Strreptococcus bovis, Streptococcus mutans, viridans streptococci, enterococci, Clostridium species, diphtheroids, Listeria monocytogenes, and Lactobacillus species. at that place has been no increase in tube to vancomycin during the past three decades. (3)Figure 1. Structural formula of vancomycin. (2)Vancomycin is acquirable as an asymmetric dimer. The dimer conformation makesD-AlaD-Ala peptides in opposite directions which thusly would be attached to disparate glycopeptide strands.(1) It acts by binding to the D-AlaD-Ala peptides in which interferes with the torment linking of the chains in the growing peptidoglycan cell wallwhich consequently creates a flimsy point in the cell wall and makes the bacterial cell allergic to lysis. (4)Figure 2. (Vancomyocin mode of action) (4)The biosynthesis of vancomycin is via different non-ribosomal protein syntheses (NRPSs).Enzymes play a vital role in determini ng the amino acid place during its assembly. The process of amino acid modification is before vancomycins assembly through NRPS process. L-tyrosine is modified to become the -hydroxychlorotyrosine (-hTyr) and 4-hydroxyphenylglycine (HPG) residues. Subsequently acetate is employ to derive the 3, 5 dihydroxyphenylglycine ring (3, 5-DPG).(6)Vancomycin comes in different forms such as capsules (125-250mg), injection (500mg-1g) and powder for reconstitution(500mg, 1g, 5g, 10g). It is poorly absorbed from GI tract, astray distributed with Vd 0.4-1L/kg CSF levels 7-30% of blood serum levels with meningeal ardor lung waver 5-41% of serum levels, - diffusion phase 30min -elimination half- carriage 6-12h 90% excreted by glomerular filtration. Vancomycin has around adverse effects such as nephroperniciousness and ototoxicity, for example red man or red neck syndrome, phlebitis, rash, chills and fever.(1) Vancomycin can be given(p) as a dose of 15-20 mg/kg (actual body weight) all (812 ) hours for most patients with normal renal function, however the dose can be increased for serious illnesses to 25-30mg/kg to facilitate greater efficacy.(1)Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycinThere are many studies been carried out(p) to all overview vancomycin pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in which they found out that serum concentrationtime profile of vancomyocin is very complex and has been characterized as one, two and three compartment pharmacokinetic models. Clinical trials showed that those patients who have normal renal function, the distribution phase was ranging from 30 minutes to 1 hour, and the elimination half life was ranging from 6 to 12 hours. The volume of distribution was 0.41 L/kg. The insight of vancomycin into tissues was variable and it can be affected by inflammation and diseases. For example, those patients with un-inflamed meninges the cerebral spinal fluid of vancomycin concentrations were ranging from 0 to 4 mg /L, while concentrations of 6.411.1 mg/L were seen in those patients with inflammation.Penetration into skin tissue was milder for patients with diabetes (0.010.45 mg/L) compared with non-diabetic patients which were (0.460.94mg/L).Based on these study results vancomyocin is not concentration aquiline therefore the dosage should be calculated for different patients employ different parameters. Serum vancomycin concentration is the most practical and accurate modal value to monitor vancomyocin effectiveness, the serum concentration should be obtained right after the starting line do se to maintain the simmer down state concentration.(4)(5)(6)However there are a few data suggesting a direct affinity between toxicity and serum vancomycin concentrations. Patients should be identified as having vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity if serum creatinine concentrations (increase of 0.5 mg/dL or 50% increase from baseline, whichever is greater) after several days of using vancomycin thera py.(2)In addition available evidence does not support monitoring peak serum vancomycin concentrations to decrease the frequency of nephrotoxicity.Similarly monitoring of serum vancomycin concentrations to hack nephrotoxicity is best practical for patients receiving aggressive dosing targeted to produce sustained drug concentrations of 1520 mg/L or for those patients who are receiving concurrent nephrotoxins, is withal recommended for patients with unstable renal function and those who are receiving prolonged courses of vancomycin therapy over a few days. (5)More importantly patients who are receiving vancomycin intercession for a long period of time they should have a steady state concentration at least once before the tail dose. Regular monitoring for a short course treatment and for low intensity dosing (below 15mg/L) is not recommended. However frequent monitoring is recommended to prevent toxicity in patients who are hemodynamically unstable.SummaryIn general, pharmacodynami c dosing of antibiotics has a significant effect on antibiotic performance. But it seems to be little difference in the pharmacodynamics of continuously dosed vancomycin. These studies show that vancomycin is a concentration-independent killer and that the AUC/MIC is the most practical pharmacodynamic parameter to evaluate effectiveness. There are some clinical situation where obtaining vancomycin concentration might be difficult to larn AUC in these cases cashbox monitoring of vancomyocin concentration can be used as the most practical way to monitor vancomyoin concentration. High trough serum vancomycin concentrations may increase the risk of toxicity, but much clinical study is required to determine the extent of this potential.ReferencesLeviineDP.Vancomycin a history.Clinical sully Dis.200849(suppl 1)S6112.LodieseTP, LomaiestroB, GraivesJ, .Larrger vancomycin doses (4 grams/ day) are associated with an increased incidence of nephrotoxicity.Antimicrob Agents Chemotherapy.2009 5114328.Michael Reybak, Ben Lormaestro, can C. Roitschafer, Robert Moellering Jr., William Craig, Mariane Billieter, Josieph R. DalovisionandDonald P. Leviine. Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in adult patients A consensus suss out of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists, American journal of health system Pharmacy ( AJHP ).MurrayB., NaniniEC. Glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin), streptogramins (quinupristin-dalfopristin), and lipopeptides (daptomycin). InMandellGL, BennettJE, DolinR, eds.Mandell, Douglas and Bennetts principles and pattern of infectious diseases.6th ed.OxfordChurchill Livingstone200848744.SrakoulasG, GoldHS, CohienRA, .Effects of prolonged vancomycin administration on methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in a patient with recurrent bacteraemia.J Antimicrob Chemotherapy.200757689777WangJT, FangCT, ChenYC, .Necessity of a loading dose when using vancomycin in critically ill patients.J Antimicrob Chemotherapy.2001417246.Ako Abdullah

The Potential Of Ecotourism In Malaysia Tourism Essay

The Po tential Of Eco touring carry In Malaysia tourism judgeThis watch into typography is focus on touristry industriousness (eco touristry) in Malaysia. The objective of this paper is to report on an empirical re essay train which investigated how to improve or puzzle the industry tourism (ecotourism) in Malaysia? analogouswise improvements, the spell outant for this research is to concern about the contri justion of the tourism industry on the Malaysia GDP. To under tieing the natural sources that we have and generate it to explain our inelegant. Findings were from the epitome of data much(prenominal)(prenominal) as internet, newspaper, g oernment data and source that disposed(p) by opposite people. A regression model was fall ined as evidence to this. The belles-lettres on this aspect is limited. Thus, the research findings of this study argon wontful for future studies. This study also give ups several recommendations for future research in this atomic n umber 18a.Introduction of tourism (ecotourism)Tourism is a relaxing consistency process for people to travel for recreational, lei convinced(predicate) clip or business purposes. establish on the World Tourism Organization describe that tourists is people who travel to other rambles and stay in places outside their usual surround. According to World conk out and Tourism Council (WTTC), tourism has become one of the international s salubriousedst industries nowadays. In other word consider that tourism has become a healthy- analogousd global leisure activity. In year 2009, Tourism industry has contributed 9.4% of world GDP into the economy, or equivalent of 5433.7 US billion dollars. There ar a clump of people who traveling around the world time by time just to release tension or enjoy their feeltime or business purpose. base on WTO, thither were all everywhere 922 one thousand thousand transnational tourist arrivals in 2008, with a product of 1.9% as compared to 2007. In 2008, international tourism receipts grew to US$944 billion (euro 642 billion), corresponding to an increase in real terms of 1.8%. Furtherto a greater extent, real GDP yield is expected to yield in average 4.4% over the coming ten years. In the other hand, tourism economy has provided a total 235 meg jobs in the planetary. nonethe little, in the beginning of June 2008, international travel demand suffered a strong slowdown, with yield in international tourism arrivals worldwide f whollying to 2% during the circumboreal summer months. This negative inclination become strong during 2009, worsen in round(prenominal) countries due to the outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus, resulting in a worldwide resist of 4% in 2009 to 880 million international tourists arrivals, and an estimated 6% decline in international tourism receipts. The inelegant that hit badly such(prenominal) as Mexico, experienced outbreaks of respiratory illness and enlarged reports of patients w ith influenza-like illness (ILI) in several areas of the country. Based on our tourism ministry Dr. Ng long long state that during that serious epidemic period, it unaffected our tourism vault of heavens but much thanover increase our tourist arrival. We foundation see that Malaysia is still displumeing the tourist although there is happening the epidemic. This is also because our epidemic is still under control which mean our country less affected by H1N1, this caused to the people who favor on tour shift their planning to other much safety countries such as Malaysia.In Malaysia, travel and tourism industrys share of GDP has purloin from 8.6%, worth RM8.02 billion in year 1988 to 14.1% of GDP, worth RM94.6 billion in years 2009. While travel and tourism direct industry (included transport, accommodations, nourishment and beverages and etc.) has brought a total income of RM36.8 billions in year 2009, or 5.5% of GDP. Besides that, tourism has created a total job opportunit ies of 1395700, or equivalent of 12.7% of total physical exertion. As we bang that Malaysia is one of the country which held in the equatorial area on the earth. Malaysia is an amazing country with immeasurable large quantity of biodiversity. It is not live to find that 75 percent of Malaysias land area is remains forested, with 60 percent virgin rainforest that unchanged for over millions years. The country is presented with legion(predicate) natural affections such as amazing and diverse vegetation and fauna (refflesia, orang utan), white sandy beaches, exotic marine aqua life (Pulau Sipadan, Pulau Mataking), dense rainforests(Taman Negara) and the oldest and largest caves in the world (Deer cave).To sharing of the mysteries in Malaysia, one of the cardinal mega-biologic every last(predicate)y diverse countries in the world, which boasts at least 15,000 species of flowering plants, 286 species of mammals, 150,000 species of invertebrates, and 4,000 species of fishes in a dmittance to the countless micro-organisms. Experience a bulky range of outdoor activities, such as caving, hiking, jungle trekking, snorkeling, rock climbing, diving, river cruising and much more. Experienced outdoor professionals, who are well ready with the latest gear, can guide you with all of these activities. If you are looking for mystifying and exotic ecotourism experiences in balmy tropical weather, the time is now, the place is Malaysia.This made Malaysia owned the potential to develop the ecotourism to growth up the economy furthermore can introduce Malaysia to other countries. To let others learn more about the natural better than keep cartel in the industrial sector to boost up the GDP. The widespread interest group in ecotourism among tourism players is due to its direct linkage to the greater prospects for apprehensioning(a) and sustainable tourism development with strong possibilities for appropriate local confederacy and shared tariff for preserving the e nvironment, cultural heritage and peoples way of life. It is needed everyone to responsibility to protect our natural environment well. explore ProblemAs we hump that Malaysia is a tropical forest country that rich with the natural sources flora and fauna, white sandy beaches, exotic marine aqua life, dense rainforest and the oldest and largest caves in the world. accordingly we should introduce it to immaterial country so that it can eviscerate the foreign tourist to our country. But the problem is does it really cognize by other countries? What should we do to improve our natural sources to attract the tourist? What are the factors that conform the total sum of tourist to Malaysia? Besides, how we going to develop it, so that it can more known by other counties tourists? tho it is needed a sustainable develop to pr outcome it get defame to the biodiversity. And since we know that when there is a lot of tourist to our country sure it will generate capital flow into our co untry and increase our GDP. Therefore it is needed to understand the potential and how to attract tourists to generate our country income.Research QuestionWhat did the organisation do to develop the tourism industry?Does it grow the potential to attract the foreign tourists?How to improve our ecotourism facilities and services?What are the strategies to attract more tourists to visit Malaysia?Research ObjectiveTo realize the cardinal of tourism industry.To analyze the potential of tropical country that rich with immeasurable large quantity of biodiversity.To examine what initiative will be taken by the governing body.To analyze the component part of tourism in our GDP.Literature Reviewhttp//www.apo-tokyo.org/gp/e_ public houseli/gplinkeco/17chapter15.pdfMohammed Mohd. Daud, (n.d.) with his conference article The Ecotourism Develop In Malaysia mention that the services sector including the tourism industry, is the major revenue as well as the largest subscriber to Malaysias Gro ss Domestic crossing (GDP) at 46% in 1999. He specified that the tourism is a growing sector and gaining importance in the Malayan economy. Besides, due to the existing legal requirements and the economic development strategy, the promotion of tourism and ecotourism activities in Malaysia involves a number of institutions and also including the statutory body Tourism Malaysia to involve in marketing and promoting tourism product. Considering that the ecotourism objective such as the National ballparks and wildlife sanctuaries are often located in distant places, but the brass would provide basic infrastructure facilities such as roads, jetties and around amenities. Furthermore, the government is also supporting ecotourism development by style of sponsoring the cost of technical consultancy work on particular ecotourism destinations. For parapraxis study in this article mention that although the Kinabatangan Wildlife Safari has not maturate yet in developing, it is already showing its potential in change state a triple-crown ecotourism destination where preservation of natural resources with sustainable development. It involves all parties such as the government, private sector, local communities and NGOs work together in a partnership to protect the priceless natural asset by translating business opportunities into maintenance benefits.The purpose of this study is to calculate tourisms contribution by means of deriving multipliers in terms of output, income, employment, value added, and import for Malayan economy. Based on this study, they found that, tourism sector have been generated employment which is 174 full-time employee for every Ringgit of tourist expenditure. According to researcher, entertainment sector is most pregnant sector that generated tourism income followed by accommodation and food beverages. Malaysian tourism industry not only playing an important role for generating output, income, employment, value-added, and import but al so creates spillover effects on other tourism cerebrate sectors of the economy. However, based on the analysis of this paper, it is obvious that tourism industry is modify significantly to the Malaysian economy in terms of generating output, income, employment, and value-added.http//www.google.com.my/hl=ensource=hpbiw=1189bih=544q= breeding+OF+ECO-TOURISM+IN+TRIBAL+REGIONS+OF+ORISSA%3A+POTENTIAL+AND+RECOMMENDATIONSrlz=1R2PPSU_enMY368aq=faqi=aql=oq=gs_rfai=fp=42cdcfe0f1684f63Based on the Nilakantha Panigrahi research paper DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-TOURISM IN TRIBAL REGIONS OF ORISSA POTENTIAL AND RECOMMENDATIONS had mention about the wealthiness in being tourism of the Orissa region in eastern India. He said that with the well develop in the ecotourism will generate some income for the state. Tourism is identifying as an industry in Orissa in generate the income from the foreign tourists because that place seem to have variant type of attractive forrard the tourists especially the cou ntless temples of Orissa scattered at the state. The attractiveness is that the state owned 79 heritage sites in Orissa which protected by Archaeological wad of India. Western Orissa is known by a grim temple town, likewise particularly of the western Orissa have the streams and forests which show the natural beauty of Harisankar in Bolangir and Nrusinghanath in Balangir. Furthermore, Kalahandi area is endowed with the wealth of forests, for example existence of a rare species of black tiger, with a natural waterfall at Rabandar, and a host of temples situated at the hilltops of Bhawanipatna.Nevertheless, the concept of museum is also being schematic by government for undisturbed and displaying those artifacts by following the types of it. The record from 1990 until 1998 with the attr achievement of tourists is 86.58% in domestic and 11.50% for foreign tourists. This can be proved that the well known of domestic people and unrealized in the potential of the place as being a to urism destination for foreign tourists because of brusque developing that place. However the tourist arrival show that the change magnitude crook from 1990 until 1997 but dropping in 1997-1999 due to the Asian financial crisis and therefore increase again in 1999 to 2000. Due to the Orissa heritage place, natural environment with flora and fauna it can be the successful destination for tourists. The reason that it cannot attract more is because of poor developing by government as a tourism destination from an ecological and cultural point of view.http//www.uea.ac.uk/env/cserge/pub/wp/gec/gec_1995_30.pdf.From the TOURISM AND SUSTAINABILITY IN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRAGILE AREAS CASE STUDIES FROM THE MALDIVES AND NEPAL research by Katrina Brown,R. Kerry Turner, Hala Hameed and Ian Bateman had said that Maldives and Nepal is a country which enrich with natural resources such as reefs, beaches, and mountains especially the most highest mountain in the world Everest are attract many touri sts to there. The cadence of trekkers to Nepalese Himalaya grew by 25 percent per annum over the period 1985-1988. Furthermore, Maldives tourism visitors have increased from a total of less than 1000 per annum in 1972 to 178,000 in 1991. As we can see that the amount of tourist is increasing lead by globalization. It makes people able to move across to other countries. In analyzing the Maldives in 1991, total of tourists had increase to over 178,000 tourists. The annual rate is exceeds 30 percent for this period and this show that it stand at over 1.7 million. The total receipts are achieving 94 million in 1991 if compare to 1981 is just 15 million. However for Nepal, the data said that is just only 6179 tourists in 1962 but it change to a huge amount in almost 300,000 in 1991. This can show that the attracting to Nepal is increasing rapidly and with majority tourists came for the nature. This can be see that the successfulness of the ecotourism such as mountain or jungle trekking, jungle safaris, river rafting or cultural tourism in Nepal. Both study also show that more tourists were came toward their country by enjoying the nature environment.Research HypothesisBy referring to the literature reviews mentioned, we are able to form 2 hypotheses that measure the growth of tourism sector that accelerated the industrialization process.The first hypothesis model organize state that the contribution of tourism sector towards the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is influence by the foreign and domestic tourists and the number of projects approved by tourism department. Hence, the function beneath is formed.GDP = f (tourists)However, the secondment hypothesis model formed state that the contribution of tourists towards the tourism is influence by the number of projects approved by tourism department. Hence, the function below is formedTourism = f (tourism department)MethodologyThere are a few methods which can be used in order to search and gather the information th at we needed such as by meeting the information from the internet. But mostly all data are collected finished the secondary data. Based on my title which focuses on the ecotourism, I am referring to the news article which published by The Star, beside we were gone through the government website to get the current news to get the tourism issues, activities, government gazette and also the government statistical data. Those articles that related with my topic in internet also can be using as quote especially those research paper done passed researcher. Furthermore we compare country between countries in tourism performance.Analysishttp//www.tourism.gov.my/corporate/research.asp? knave=facts_figuresAs we can see that the tourists arrival to Malaysia has increase year by year. We know that 1997 is happened Asian financial crisis the following is 2008-2009 global financial crises with epidemic of H1N1 together. However it does not give much impact on our tourism but further increase o ur percentage of tourists arrival. If we compare the amount of tourist in year 1998 with 5.5 million and 2009 with 23.6 million it is already 4.3 times than amount in 1998.http//www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_tou_arr-economy-tourist-arrivalsint=-1For the data show higher up which clearly stated that the score of Malaysia is in 19th in the world ranking. This can be proved that we still can develop it well to get higher rank in the list so that we can generate more income through tourism. Especially for the 10th Malaysia Plan is planning to improve the countrys position on the global tourism stage and become one of the top ten countries in the world in terms of tourism receipts by 2015.http//www.epu.gov.my/html/themes/epu/images/common/pdf/rmk/rmk2/rancangan%20malaysia%20kedua%20-%20chapter%2011.pdfhttp//www.epu.gov.my/html/themes/epu/images/common/pdf/buku%20rm%20ke%207%20-%20chapter%2016.pdfhttp//www.epu.gov.my/html/themes/epu/images/common/pdf/8th_msia_plan_c15_cont.pdfBased on the data above, we can see that during the period between 1960 until 1970, the employment is significant show that tourism is just contribute a little on economy only. For year 1965 is only contributed 287000 for employment (employment in hotel is 2700 in 1965), however for year 1970 it is slightly increase to become 340000 of employment (employment in hotel is reached 8000 in 1970) which contributed by the tourism. Furthermore, year 1975 tourism is only contributing 419000 employments. If we look seriously beginning from 1990, the employment is contribute a lot by the tourism in hotel industries, however hotel industries is just one of the part from the contribution of tourism, we can see clearly that it is quite potential in develop it. Based on the data show that the there is an increasing trend on employment which generate by the increasing in number of hotel, it can be show beginning from 1990 which is generated 39961 employments by 989 hotels, 1995 generated 67214 employments by 1220 hotels, 2000 generated 78671 employments by 1492 hotels and for year 2005 it generated 79603 employments by 1541 hotels. The opportunities in employment contributed by tourism are determined to achieve 1217000 thereby contributing 11.6% of total employment in year 2007. And the contribution of the Travel Tourism economy to employment is 1,331,000 jobs in 2010 (Quarter 2).http//www.economywatch.com/world-industries/tourism/malaysia.htmlhttp//www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Malaysia.htmlhttp//www.scribd.com/doc/29692549/Impacts-of-Tourism-in-Malaysiahttp//docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cacheai8aqxFRL2QJwww.undp.org.my/uploads/UNDP_SME_Publication.pdf+graph+for+small+medium+industries+malaysiahl=engl=mypid=blsrcid=ADGEESixA75njhH_Yr4tgc4hpxAgfZYVgdeziqYg3nRtfCmVjUzHa1znOVM4b1Jpat-Y-LCTbLA5FNZKfD_5DHcCls8DAhtjBaunNOxuhyPF5VtvYCGztXMQhPJXCSZe7rFklzGswUg6sig=AHIEtbTsqG5MieCX3egU2hgFoAp-fKdaywhttp//books.google.com.my/books?id=C_8BctkNCBoCpg=PA38lpg=PA38dq= small+medium+industries+for+tourism+malaysiasource=blots=0-otW5zvRWsig=wnvDlXlKoKcGABqV-ebXpikkSzQhl=enei=BKuyTMKvI8WPcdiHheoCsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=5ved=0CCMQ6AEwBDgUv=onepageq=small%20medium%20industries%20for%20tourism%20malaysiaf= phonyhttp//ww2.publicbank.com.my/cnt_review46.htmlGovernment actionBy the way it is needed for government action in supporting the tourism sector, without government follow upation of policy or action in develop the tourism it is impossible for the tourism to growth itself. To attract more foreign tourists, government is need to create some policy to strengthening the tourism, furthermore it government spending is also important so that the project that government planning can be successful to achieve. There is some action by the government in above such as1. VISIT MALAYSIA YEAR 2007Tourism industry of Malaysia. Retrieved on October 12,2010 from http//www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/2007/08/31/9636.htmlThis year, Malaysias focus will be on t he Visit Malaysia family (VMY) 2007, was is aimed at aggressively promoting Malaysia, increasing 4 tourist arrivals, as well as encouraging domestic tourism among Malaysians. Coincidentally, 2007 is also the year of Malaysias fiftieth independence. As such, the Visit Malaysia Year campaign is a timely event to celebrate Malaysias golden jubilee. It is an occasion to rejoice and to share with the world the extraordinary qualities and virtues that have shaped Malaysia to be the country that it is today. The VMY 2007 campaign is expected to nip and tuck the awareness of foreign tourists to enable them to plan their holidays in Malaysia. For VMY 2007, the country has set a target to attract 20.1 million tourists.Overall, there are over 240 events, of which, 50 being major events and 5 as international mega events. whole these events are presented in One Golden Celebration. A celebration that brings Malaysia to the world, and the world to Malaysia.The first event of the year was the Visit Malaysia Year voluptuous Launch on 6 January by the Honourable Prime curate of Malaysia in the presence 500 international media and trade representatives from all over the world. Highlight of the Grand Launch was the unveiling of the Eye on Malaysia, which is a 60-metre Ferris Wheel followed by the Flora Fest Parade, a spectacular display of floats change in all kinds of flowers found in Malaysia.The other mega events include the Malaysian International Aerospace Adventure, the International Fireworks Display, the Malaysian International Tattoo and the KL International Buskers Festival.2. Malaysia My plunk for Home ProgrammeMalaysia My sec Home Programme .Retrieved on October 12, 2010 from http//www.mm2h.gov.my/Malaysia My Second Home Programme is promoted by the Government of Malaysia to allow foreigners who fulfill reliable criteria, to stay in Malaysia for as long as possible on a multiple-entry loving visit pass. The Social Visit Pass is ab initio for a period of ten (10) years, and is renewable. It is open to citizens of countries recognised by Malaysia, irrespective of race, religion, gender or age. The programme allows applicants to bring with them their spouses, parents and children. Foreign spouses of Malaysians and expatriates who wish to douse in Malaysia after expiry of their Employment Passes are also entitled to apply to stay in Malaysia on this programme. Applicants are allowed to bring their spouses, unwed children below the age of 21 and parents above the age of 60 as dependants.3. One Malaysia-Endless ExperienceTourism Malaysia launches One Malaysia-Endless Experience campaign in New Delhi. Retrieved on October 12, 2010 from http//blog.drngyenyen.com/?p=412The campaign was launched by Dato Sri Dr Ng Yen Yen, Tourism Minister, Malaysia in New Delhi. The piece of grounds have been made available to Indian travellers travelling to Kuala Lumpur, and other tourism destinations in Malaysia from five major Indian cities Delhi, Mu mbai, Chennai, Bengaluru and Hyderabad. The package is being offered by Tourism Malaysia in partnership with Malaysia Airlines and Malaysian hospitality partners.As per the package, Indian travellers can avail a four-day/three-night package tour to Kuala Lumpur for Rs 17,000, comprising return airfare and accommodation. The travellers can also travel beyond Kuala Lumpur to destinations like Langkawi, Penang, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, etc. for Rs 19,500 from five Indian cities. Through this promotional drive Tourism Malaysia is expecting to further enhance the sale of these destinations and products across all travel segments from India including ones like G3A (Golden 3rd Age) SSS (Super Smart Shoppers) and FET (Family Enrichment Tourism).4. FABULOUS solid food 1MALAYSIA FOOD TRAIL 2009Ministry of Tourism Launches Fabulous viands 1 Malaysia Food raceway 2009 Booklet- The Route To The Best Food in Malaysia. Retrieved on October 12, 2010 from http//www.tourismmalaysia.gov.my/corporate/ mediacentre.asp?page=news_desknews_id=468The main objective for the Ministry to produce the Fabulous Food 1Malaysia Food remains 2009 booklet, a brainchild of YB Dato Dr. Sri Ng, to harness upon the attractions in the food sector and entrench them as outstanding products of Malaysias food tourism. The Fabulous Food 1Malaysia Food Trail 2009 booklet features 10 Best entries shortlisted out of the total great hundred listings of restaurants, delicatessens and hawker stalls from the respective categories of the Nasi Lemak, Laksa and Meat Bone Tea. Among others, the listings were based on the quality of food, customer service and cleanliness. Since the launch of the website, over 25,658 fellow Malaysians and global foodies have joined the very tantalizing quest to investigate the rich diversity of Malaysian local food varieties frequented by patrons of all social levels who in turn recommended their findings in the website.5. http//thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/10/24/budget 2010/4968158sec=budget2010. October 12Based on the news from The Star on Saturday October 24, 2009 report that by the way of aggressive and innovative measures to attract FDI, our country government will spending RM899mil in 2010 for the tourism industry. The Main planned to be implemented is including attracting more tourists from Britain, Japan, South Korea, Middle East, India and China to participate in the Malaysia My Second Home programme. However, attraction will be successful by upgrading the quality of infrastructure in tourism centers throughout the country, this is the most important such as ecotourism development and upgrading homestay facilities and ensuring front liners are locals. recommendationRecommendation to better improve the tourism industry to known by others country and attraction foreign tourist to generate our GDP will be identified after the full research has been completed.The Ecotourism Development in Malaysia. Retrieved on October 12,2010 from http//www.a po-tokyo.org/gp/e_publi/gplinkeco/17chapter15.pdfThere are such shipway to improve Malaysia ecotourism. As we know, we have many ecotourism place included Wildlife Protection Act, the National Park Act, the National Forestry Act, the Fisheries Act and the State Park Enactment (Pahang). These protected areas are gazetted under the discordant federal and state. The Department of Wildlife and National Parks, the Forestry Department, the Fisheries Department and the variousState Parks authorities have been responsible for managed these place.First ways is ours tourism and travel agencies should be more creative to promoted ecotourism to attract more foreign tourist because government give many incentives to them. Creative means travel agencies should provide more packages for student, family, group and others. These packages will attract more tourists to visit Malaysia also attract local tourist. Local tourist genuinely more demand than foreign tourist because local tourists want dif ferent experience in the place they visit. Travel and tours agency also should use internet reservation to get more people use their services.Next, government should provide more facilities in the ecotourism area and to go there. For example, access roads, jetties and some amenities. Every year government give budget to improve our transfer systems. For instance, government upgrading of Jalan Kuching-Sibu from Simpang Julau to Sibu Airport Interchange Phase I of the cost of RM176.5 million and the upgrading of Jalan Kuching-Sibu from Simpang Julau to Sibu Airport Interchange Phase II (RM10.3 million). Besides, governments have been providing funds to develop infrastructure facilities at various ecotourism destinations and RM 10 million was allocated between 1996 and 2000 to implement five ecotourism projects as pioneersThe other ways is this effort from government must support by local people and private sector. So the capital punishment will be easy and more successfully. Privat e sector should provide some funds, services and technical consultancy to help Malaysias government to attract more tourists local and foreign. Local communities can contribute to the employment, protecting the environment and shows a good behaviour.

Relationship Between Food And Art English Language Essay

Relationship Between Food And Art position Language EssayThis essay get proscribed examine the sexual intercourseship amid aliment and wile by asking if nourishment washbowl be thought as an contrivancework, and if so, the commonalities it shares with former(a) subterfuge pieces. To hold onwards the feasibility of the said(prenominal) relationship, this essay will utilize a developicular example, through which contrastive theories will be analysed. However, it is important to put forth this essays hypothesis, which agrees that food back tooth be thought as an art piece, a concept which will be discussed later on.Our example concerns the figure of the Catalan cook Ferran Adri, who had the eminent hat restaurant in the world, El Bulli, for five age, with the added accolade of three Michelin stars until 2011, when it closed. The power why this causal agency has been chosen has to do with the occurrence that Ferran Adri has been compared as an operative and his dish antennaes as unique artworks by different experts in gastronomy.FOOD AS AN ARTWORKIn order to analyse if this connection is feasible, it is important to discuss the nonion of food and its reference in the association, an smell that derriere be easily linked to the subject of artwork. Different authors assume discussed the kind go bad of food in the society. For instance, J. Hegarty(2001) says that one of the principal differences in the midst of animals and serviceman is the fact that we cook our aliments, which causes cultural differences among humans. Moreover, he too argues that cooking is something that humans influence and, therefore, it is not an innate characteristic but an thought growth that base be related to the dichotomy amongst nature and culture, discussed by different true anthropologists, such as Claude Lvi-Strauss. Since food is one of the aspects that differentiate humans from animals and the notion that cooking is an acquired skill, it does belong to the culture. This is enough to conclude that food has an involve in the society. However, there are other reasons why, such as those discussed by O. Castillo and E. Gonzlez(2007), who purport that during the process of eating, human beings are similarly looking for other hearty elements, as establishing new friendships or partnerships. All these minds discussed by these scholars can be applied in different societies and in specific social contexts, which will help to understand the importance of food within it. For instance, in the case of the birthday of a family member, all the family will meet up and have a meal together, normally lunch or dinner. In this case, the appraisal of meeting up to eat is employ as an rationalise to gather together all the family. This is plainly a particular social context that can be used to exemplify this connection between food and its role in the society as a process that goes beyond the simple fact of eating.So far it can be see n that food has a function in the society, which is a considerable aspect in order to link it with an artwork. As this module has shown throughout the destination is that art pieces have social consequence and they structure a part of the society. angiotensin converting enzyme example could be the Bark Paintings, a type of Australian Aboriginal art, which are a re-representation of the landscape. Mainly, these form a representation of the orthogonal memory recalling clues of the ancestral intention, which is encoded in the landscape, linking emotional ties with the land and the presence of the ancestors in it. Another example could be the basketry by the Yekuana, which is used to structure the society in a particular way as Guss says, Basketry therefore becomes a significant indicator in the planetary growth and competence of an individual, used to chart not only practical knowledge but similarly status and identity(2006380). Whit both examples it has been shown how art also h as a role in the society influencing different aspects of such.In the case of El Bulli, this desire that food goes beyond the simple fact of eating is also represented principal(prenominal)ly attributed to two reasons. Firstly it can be thought that because of the high prices (minimum 400/person) the people that decided to go there judge something more(prenominal) than just the food. Secondly, the fact that the waiting list was minimum two years it is another element that shows that the costumers looked for something else than just food but all the deliver that goes with it.Some scholars have argued that food cannot be considered art because of its inherent and staple fibre function consumption. Before discussing this question, it is important to talk about the concept of artistic reactions, which in the words of Hegarty(2001), it is related to the idea of violator, and specifically in the case of gastronomyThis translates into menu balance and harmony in such areas as co lour, temperature, degustation and texture which in some cases can be dictated by the estheticalal demands of the raw materials which are used to create a gastronomic work(200112)From this quote it can be said that if a specific dish has the characteristics deferred paymented, then it would be thought as beautiful and therefore as art.This idea of aesthetic reactions is also discussed by Tefler, who says that the aesthetic qualities can be characterised as non-neutral, non-instrumental, having certain intensity and often accompanied by judgements for which the judgers conduct a kind of objective lensivity(200211). In other words, for Tefler an object has an aesthetic reaction if it is appreciated for its own characteristics, it can impress the viewer and it is not influenced by a personal criterion.In El Bullis case of study the idea of aesthetic reactions is useful because it is one of the characteristics associated with art. Aside from the different opinions of it, it can b e said that the notion of aesthetic reactions is mainly related with the idea of beauty, and also to the different characteristics given by Tefler. Regarding this example, it can be seen that some of the dishes do not look as food at first scene but they can be thought as a portrait or as an artistic photograph1. Moreover, if the Hegarty distributor point of view is taken into account, the harmony of Ferran Adris dishes can be related to the idea of beauty and then to the concept of aesthetic reactions, which is a key concept for the art pieces.However, some scholars believe that food cannot be thought as art because of its function, such as M.L.Quinet(1981), who has the argument that the function of art is to provide an object for aesthetic contemplations and, on the other hand, the foods function is its consumption, which causes that these two concepts cannot be associated. However, she also states that in some cases food can be considered art as long as it has an aesthetic fu nction and it is not expected to be eaten. This idea is relevant to demonstrate that what makes this discussion so complex is the main function of the food. But even if the purposes between them are different, it does not have to be the only criterion to conclude that food is not art. The Quinets idea is helpful because it introduces a key difference between the liberal arts function, an idea discussed later on.Finally, it is relevant to discuss Teflers idea that not all objects with aesthetic reactions can be considered artwork, because they do not share the characteristics of what constitutes an art piece, a point I will endeavour to explore next.An artwork is by Tefler a man-made thing, even if the human involvement need contain of no more than putting a natural object in a gallery and giving it a title(200212). She differentiates between artwork which can be seen in a classificative or evaluative manner. In common terms, an artwork in the classificative maven has to do with h ow the object is regarded and if it is intended for an aesthetic consideration. On the other hand, an artwork in the evaluative way deals with the idea if the object deserves the merit of being considered as such. This difference in the meaning of an artwork is useful in terms of knowing that the concept of art cannot be thought as a static one with only one meaning. In regard to food this categorisation is also useful, because as Tefler says, food can be thought as art in the classifying way of artwork, since for many cooks and costumers some meals are intended to be considered in an aesthetic consideration, in other words, to be savoured, appraised, thought about, discussed(200214). So, the main point of those meals is not to provide nourishment but to have a gain experience. This idea of food as an artwork in a classifying sense can be highly related with Ferran Adris work, which requires a dowry of thought and analysis before cooking it, and its aim is to provide an haunting experience to the customer, which goes beyond the simple fact of eating.In relation to this classification of artworks it is also important to mention the difference between art and craft, which is argued by various scholars. Quinet, who thinks that food cannot be considered art in general terms, concludes that The culinary arts, one might claim, are indeed arts, but only when we use the term art in the sense of mere craft and this is not the way in which the term is used in aesthetics(1981159). The difference between art and craft is also analysed by Tefler, who says that it lies in the pointedness of creativity, so something is considered art if it is an original creation and when the object is a result of carrying out instructions then it is contemplated as craft. The relationship between this classification and food is significant, because depending on the level of creativity in the process of cooking, food could be thought as art or not. Even if in general terms a receipt is being followed when cooking, in the case of El Bulli, the creativity applied in their dishes is enormous, because there is a long process of analysis behind with the goal to create new imaginative dishes. One example of such could be the dish called Peach paper2, which is presented as a letter or also the liquid olives3, which is the result of a complex molecular technique created by Ferran Adri named spherification. Hence, the food cooked in El Bulli can be considered an art according to the amount of creativity.In relation to this difference between art and craft it is also advantageous to mention the classification between fine and useful arts, argued by Hegarty. The useful arts are those that are utilitarian, such as the design of a mental synthesis or furniture. However, fine arts are defined by quest to relate, to communicate and commune between people in that, the artist assumes an audience when he/she for example, writes a poem or paints a picture(20018). Food can be rela ted to this last idea of fine art, as intimately as theatre, music or dance(Anson,2006), an idea that can also be known as minor art.CONCLUSIONThis essay has discussed the idea that food can be considered as art by using a specific case of study, El Bulli. Different arguments have been put forth to demonstrate the existence of this connection between art and food, such as its social role in the society as well as other artworks.Concerning the case of study of this essay, it can be said that El Bullis dishes can be related to the idea of artwork. One reason is their aesthetic reactions, meaning that they are associated with the concept of beauty, causing the difficulty to differentiate some of them from portraits. Another reason is because their function goes beyond the idea of nourishment, since they are expected to provide a further experience. Furthermore, they have a high degree of creativity, which makes it possible to correlate them with the idea of art and differentiate them from the notion of craft. auxiliaryhttp//www.elbulli.com/catalogo/commons/generar_img.php?id=879PoG=G house painting 1.1Soup of pink grapefruit with estragon and praline salted with black sesame (2003)http//www.elbulli.com/catalogo/commons/generar_img.php?id=987PoG=G usher 1.2 bloom of youth cucumbers in vinegar with mustard seeds and tarragon (2004)http//www.elbulli.com/catalogo/commons/generar_img.php?id=920PoG=G learn 1.32m of Parmesan spaghetti (2003)http//www.elbulli.com/catalogo/commons/generar_img.php?id=1207PoG=G realize 1.4Tree passion fruit (2005)Picture 1.5http//www.elbulli.com/catalogo/commons/generar_img.php?id=973PoG=GTies of beet with vinegar powder (2004)http//www.elbulli.com/catalogo/commons/generar_img.php?id=1098PoG=GPicture 1.6Paper of peach Tramontana (2005)http//www.elbulli.com/catalogo/commons/generar_img.php?id=1095PoG=GPicture 1.7Spherical green olives- I (2005) Liquid oliveshttp//www.elbulli.com/catalogo/commons/generar_img.php?id=1085PoG=GPicture 1.8Bicolo ur wafers of carrot and beet (2004)

Investigating The Structure Of Pig Heart Physical Education Essay

Investigating The structure Of Pig oculus Physical Education EssayIntroduction in that location ar three layers of the feel the epicardium, myocardium and the endocardium. The heart, like a dual ticker, which is to pump telephone circuit around the whole body, pick-up nutrients and oxygen, at the same time, helping communicate deleterious wastes, such as carbon dioxide. Moreover, the heart consists of four put up two heart heart heart ventricles and two atria. The upper chambers are called atria while the scorn chambers are called ventricles, they are separated by valves. Valves are one-way, interpret insert 1(Lane, 2010b), hence, they play an important role in preventing the relationship from flux back.Figure 1 One Way Valve (Lane, 2010b)The leftfield(p) are remediate chambers are separated by goodish hem in septum. With issue this septum, agate line from one chamber will be mixed up with the decline from another and be contaminated (Burnell, 2010).The ventri cles have buddy-buddyer muscles than the atria, they are strong comely to pump the blood out of the heart and circulate to other part of the body. Besides, the pressure applied on the left ventricle is greater. As a result, the walls of the left ventricle are the thickest among all the walls of chambers (Burnell, 2010).The coronary arterial blood vessel supply blood to heart muscles and oxygenated, it under the groove on the count the heart and it branches over the front (Lane, 2010b)The pulmonic artery can channelise blood to lungs to incept oxygen. It is used to travel the short distance to lungs because large good deal of blood can be passed through and oxygenated. The pulmonary artery locates d of curving out of the beneficial ventricle (Lane, 2010b).MethodologyApparatusThe corporal and apparatus used in the experiment the fresh pig heart, dissecting pan, forceps, scalpels, scissor and gloves.Methods and ObservationsProcedure 1 External Structure (Lane, 2010a)The heart was washed and lay into a dissecting pan.The discolor of heart is pink, white colour exist in the top (maybe this colour is from fatty) and with much dried blood. It can be held by two hands and approximately is 13 cm 10 cm 7 cm. The heart is active 0.25 kg.The pericardium was shew a covering the membrane of heart. The pericardium was cauterize by a scalpel so that the pericardium could be observed. The myocardium was turn up infra the pericardium.The pericardium is a strong membrane. Thus, it is difficult to remove this membrane. It is about 1mm and colourless.The apex was located and was pointing down.The apex is easy to find, it is pink and pointed.The front of the heart was recognized by a groove that extends from the effective side of the broad end to the left of the apex.There are many veined patterns in the front of heart, judged it in this way the major blood vessels were on the top half travel rapidly down to the apex.There were four chambers in heart. The left and advanced atria were found.Left and just chambers are distinct and atria are upper than the ventricles. Also, the left chambers are bigger than right chamber.Blood vessels at the broad end of the heart were located. The coronary artery was found its amaze the pulmonary artery was located by finger curving out of the right ventricle and the aorta was located behind the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary veins were found at the top of the left atrium. The superior venous blood vessel cava was found in top of right atrium.The coronary artery is under the groove on the front of the heart. The pulmonary artery on the right side, the aorta is behind the pulmonary artery both from the top. The diameters of holes are about 3cm. The pulmonary vein is in the left side and behind the superior vena cave. However, the inferior vena cava can not be found.Figure 2 and Figure 3 are shown the orthogonal structure (Xia, 2010).Procedure 2 Internal name (Lane, 2010a)Using scissors, the pulmonary artery was cut through. The wall of the right ventricle was cut down continually, parallel to the groove of coronary artery.It is easy to cut through and the wall of the right ventricle. The wall is about 1cm thin and in truth smooth.A finger was used to push open the heart, the dried blood inner the chambers was washed out.Many blood clots exist inside. The blood clots are dark and jellified.The muscular wall of right atrium was measured. The right ventricle was felt the weightiness and its smooth textured lining.The muscular wall of the right atrium was measured, about 1cm. The wall is very smooth.Inferior vena cava was found in the internal right ventricle, and the lack of valves was noticed.Inferior vena cava in the inside chamber lower left, which locate in right ventricle, near apex.The valve among the right atrium and right ventricle was observed.The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is thin and easy to break. It was not easily seen.The network of irregul ar muscular pile was noticed.The network of irregular muscular cords was found everywhere. The colour of them is pink and ropy. It is hard to destroy.The septum on the right side of the right ventricle was found.The septum on the right side of right ventricle is very thick about 1.5cm.Using a finger, the pulmonary artery was followed to locate the right ventricle. The pulmonary valve was found.The pulmonary valve is very thin about 1mm and not seen to be intact.Figure 3 is shown the right side of heart (Xia, 2010).Using scissors, the heart was cut on the outside of left atrium downward into the left ventricle cutting toward the apex to septum at the center groove. The heart was cleaned.The wall of the left atrium is about 2.5cm. The wall of the left ventricle is thicker, about 3 cm and hard to cut through. Jellified bloods were washed.Semi-lunar valves were found.Semi-lunar valves are consisting two valves, about 1mm and pink.Mitral valve was found.The two parts of valves were seen and about 1mm.The left ventricle was cut across toward the aorta, to come across any valves.The left ventricle is hard to cut because the wall is about 3cm.The aortic valve was found.The valve is consisted of three flaps, the shape as half-moon, about 1mm.Figure 5 is shown the left side of heart (Xia, 2010).Figure 6 is shown the internal conformation (Xia, 2010)ResultFigure 2 The Front View of Heart (Xia, 2010)Figure 3 The Rear View of Heart (Xia, 2010)Figure 4 The right on Side of Heart (Xia, 2010)Figure 5 The Left Side of Heart (Xia, 2010)Figure 6 The Internal Structure (Xia, 2010)All these figures are at the end of report in the appendix.DiscussionInitially, because the structure of heart is unfamiliar, the butt against was done slowly, and many aspects are uncertain. In addition, before the experiment a picture of heart structure was found, during the experiment the picture was used to comparing with the real heart so that identification can be to a greater extent easily achieved to find structures fix. However, the correct position of picture is varied from position in the real heart. The reasons may the diagram is idealized, the real heart is assoil and collapsed, structures lack colour contrast to distinguish.When the wall of left ventricle was cut, it is more difficult to sever than the right ventricle. During procedure 2, some muscular cords were cut and some places were undistinguishable. The wall of left ventricle is much thicker than right wall because the left ventricle did the major work.The handout suggested that watching the diastole and systole of the heart. However, this is a departed pig heart, thus, the phenomenon can not be seen. In addition, valves are very thin, when the heart is cut, valves are easily destroyed by mistake, such as the pulmonary valve is not seen to be intact.ConclusionDuring the experiment, the heart was examined, its external structure, each vessels characteristic and position was found and recognized. In the internal anatomy, different positions of valves were found. Dimensions of different parts of heart were measured the size of heart, the pericardium, the diameter of vessels holes, the wall of the right ventricle and atrium, the wall of the left ventricle and atrium, the thickness of semi-lunar valves, the thickness of mitral valve, the thickness of aortic valve.

The Discipline Of Human Geography

The train Of Human GeographyGeographical fellowship has a long narrative in homophile breeding. Throughout the history of geographics, it roughlyly related growing knowledge of the physical features of the world but this history is itself a potpourri of renderation of man history. In the 19th Century, geographics became formally regarded as a qualify, and serviceman geographics became established as an essential appendage of the natural science it refers to both(prenominal) geographical call for and pitying activities, i.e. it includes both human geography and physical geography (Johnston, 2000). This essay firstly discusses the inwardness of the discipline human geography. Following this, it describes how human geography relates to let onment. Subsequently, it assesses the give away themes/issues applicable to tuition as explored by scholars, and studies the research techniques used by researchers in this discipline. Finally, it gives an example of a publishe d piece of work stating how it is relevant to our reasonableness of contemporary cultivation.1 The discipline of human geographyGeography dissolve be divided into two major parts physical and human. twain are branches of natural science, which encompass the lease of the living world. Physical geography mainly deals with the processes of the atmosphere, biosphere and ecosphere, whereas human geography studies pack, culture, existence statistical distributions, the urban surround, etc. It studies to a greater extent than ethnic aspects and how they relate to their environment as well as wherefore tribe migrate and how this jars on their culture. Human geography is special in that the findings of the report of human geography may vary over time.2 Human geography and informationMarston et al. (2005) referred to human geography as incorporating some(prenominal) sub-disciplines, such as globalization, urbanization, the environment and migration. These are inter connect as the human body of unmatched of these fanny be reflected in the development of another. Human geography discusses the profound fundamental interaction of cultural, environmental and mixer evolution, and considers the views that societies adopt in addressing these issues (Robinson, 2006). Thus, the mettle of human geography engages directly with transpose and development, but quite a little be extended to deal with the economic, social, institutional and environmental dimensions of sustainability. education can impersonate diverse patterns, each with its own characteristics, as the assorted aspects of development, i.e. culture, economy and political science vary all the time. We can consider all these changing patterns as the results of development. The factors in development interact with each other, and change in one field can affect another or lead to changes elsewhere. Development transforms peoples lives, and as a result, development gradually alters human geography, o ccurrencely the aspects of human lifestyle, the political environment, the economic situation and even nature. Thus, the human geography of a place is its phylogeny, and that is how human geography relates to development.3 Key themes/issues relevant to developmentHuman geography is an incomplete discipline without considering development, to which there are confused branches, such as culture, economics, authorities, health and history. However, we will discuss these aspects under the headings for the most part adopted by researchers, as below.3.1 CultureCulture is the norms and practices of people in particular places, and it encompasses language. It excessively reflects the expanse of settlement and other phenomena that may change or ride out consistent. The first traces of the study of various cultures in different regions appeared in early 20th Century. At that time, the study of culture study was considered as an alternative to environmental determinism, which argued that human beings and societies are determined by their environment. It focuses on describing and analyzing the ways language, religion, economy, government, and other cultural phenomena vary or remain constant from one place to another and on explaining how humans decease spatially (Jordan-Bychkov, et al 1994). Culture is a profound condition and is related to a region, and it has a significant impact on regional development. On the other hand, development can greatly affect cultural norms. The interaction of culture and development is entirely one aspect of human geography.3.2 archivesHistory is the study of a wide variety of topics, including physical, theoretical, human, fictional and reliable geographies as well as the aside. Historical geography mainly discusses how a place or region changes through time, how people interact with their environment and how the cultural landscape is created. In essence, human history is the phylogeny of people, plot human geography is the study development.3.3 GlobalizationGlobalization is the process of cosmopolitan integration derived from the interplay of world views, products, ideas and aspects of culture. It reveals the interchange of social and cultural forces, including economics, politics and religion. The economics, politics and religion play an important role in the development of a region. (Al-Rodhan, R.F. Nayef and Grard Stoudmann. 2006) Furthermore, the regional conditions of these factors are products of development. Advances in telecommunications, transportation and Internet championship are key factors of globalization, and so development involves, in particular, industrial boost and national or international trade, and studying the close relationship amid the environment, the economy and solid estate. Trade is the exchange goods and services, and the ensuing economic development can improve the standard or quality of life real estate is a materialization of the extent of urbanization. Therefore, on ly with all these developmental aspects can globalization become realized.3.4 MigrationMigration is the movement of people from one region or country to another, where they are not locals but settle there. Economic migrants generally seek better education, job opportunities, life conditions and so on the status of development in the home nation/region is the most of the essence(p) factor in immigration. Political migrants generally seek license from oppression. Some migration is based on other, more personal reasons, and may be the product of culture and tradition. Immigrants can bring new changes and such interplay or intercommunication partly contributes to the evolution of human geography.3.5 urbanizationUrbanization is the development of cities, and some rural migrants concentrate in cities, resulting in the physical growth of the urban environment. The structure and experiences of the urban landscape are crucial to human geography. Urbanization is closely linked to modernis ation, industrialisation and the sociological process of rationalisation. During the process of development, cities and towns grow, and urban population around the world conduct been soaring. Urbanization is not average a social phenomenon rather, it is a historic reform of human demeanor on a worldwide scale. The rapid growth of some heavy(a) cities, such as Chicago in the 19th Century and capital of Japan in the 20th Century, is largely the result of rural-urban migration it is commonplace in create countries. People living in cities can take advantage of diversity, law of proximity and competition in the marketplace. With all these factors, the urban environment can develop rapidly.3.6 EnvironmentEnvironment is a subfield of human geography and a reflection of development. Specifically, transformation of the environment is a result of physical and biological factors caused by the interactions of culture, customs, politics, industry and other aspects, i.e. development. Being part of human geography, the environment changes during the development process, and these changes also affect human geography.4 Research techniques used in human geography4.1 Social surveysSocial survey is a crucial method in obtaining human geography information. The object of the study of human geography is to comprehend the social environment, and in this, social investigating is key to understand the cultural landscape and social phenomena clearly, scholars use social investigation as a means of collecting information and opinions relating to particular social events or trends. To garner the views and thoughts of people, researchers can conduct surveys among the target population. Social surveys also entail consulting historical data or other materials to develop a picture of change, and thus, through social investigation, we can understand both the past and present ages better.4.2 Document collectionDocuments represent a priceless shelter of human history and geography, an d can reveal the experiences and the scientific and technological achievements of ourselves and our predecessors. sure documents can be classified as paper and non-paper materials. Paper materials a lot refer to books, journals, reports and other data sources, from which people can gain knowledge of human geography. Non-paper materials mean the Internet, where researchers can access knowledge mostly relating to the present era. Searching on-line libraries or particular website-based information resources can economic aid in gathering a great deal of information quickly. With the development of science and technology, the means of document collection will become more diversified.4.3 Exploiting data sourcesOur predecessors left much precious information about human geography. We contemporary people can gather these materials together, assess them, compare them and suck in conclusions from them. As a result, we can learn of the development of human geography. Examining historical d ata can help us understand the differing features of human geography in different regions. Through assessing the differences amid historical and current data, researchers can determine how people, culture, economics, politics and other factors ingest varied over time, i.e. what changes have occurred in a location, what kinds of inhabitants have ever lived there and what traditions they had and have. All the information can be found through careful organization and collation of the data. These methods are different from but complementary to surveys and document collection, but involve a great deal of effort in handling the data.4.4 spatial analysisSpatial analysis can be used in hard cases, and involves defining the varying spatial locations of the entities being studied. Applied to human geography, spatial data analysis can reveal population distribution patterns, the densities of structures at the human scale and spatial population dynamics. The characteristics of these issues are ceaselessly changing in line with human development. Scholars often establish models by using spatial data to analyse the factors that impact on population distribution, etc. Spatial analysis contributes to assisting a deeper comprehension of the features of human geography, fetching a spatial overview of the dynamics of population structures resulting from development.4.5 InterviewsInterviewing stems from the desire to know more about the people around us and to better understand how the people around us view the world we live in.(Seidman,1998) Thus, interviewing is most efficient when the goal of the given research is to gain insight into the subjective apprehensiveness of those around us. In the past, it was uncommon to use interview as a method to study human geography. Gradually, researchers realized the importance of peoples social background, education, cultural and traditional norms in decision-making. Only through interviewing special groups of people can researcher s identify the factors that influence behaviour. In underdeveloped regions, people there may not be literate, and so interview is the best method for obtaining first-hand materials to study their history and culture. Not only can researchers learn about special events in development, they can also gain insight into peoples interior experiences, specifically how people perceive their world and how they interpret their perceptions, and how events are affected by their thoughts and feelings. In this, researchers can understand the process of an event instead of what just happened and how the subjects reacted to it.5 One example illustrating how human geography is relevant to developmentAn article entitled Progress in Human Geography by (Radcliffe 2004) discusses the evolution of human geography, and argues that global networks and human rights are related to this discipline because it is now clear that these two factors have a great impact on national development. This is just one exa mple of many, telling us that the development of one country is inextricably linked to human geography. final stageHuman geography is a representation of economic, political and historical development, and it examines the interplay between people and the built, rather than the natural, environment (although environmental impacts are considered). The interaction of a wide variety of factors drives human history to move on, as people seek to improve their lives and raise their living standards. A multitude of changes have occurred and will continue to occur as human behaviour changes, resulting complex contemporary societies in which cultures and identities are transformed. Thus human geography is the study of the change, formation and transformation of people and nations over time, or the taking of snapshots of particular human events, behaviours or activities.

Essay --

Emily KotrocoPaper 1 Wordsworth poems Tintern Abbey and premiss to Lyrical Ballads During Wordsworth magazine as a poet he made it his perpetration to have verse be read by not only the aristocrats but in like manner now the common man something that has never been d whizz. In dickens poems Wordsworth passs his poems relatable by incorporating themes that everyone keister relate to even if they havent personally had that experience, although both poems do differ when it comes down to structure and form but in like manner when trying to convey a message, these poems are important because these ideas have never been done before and now even the average Joe can at long last participate in a conversation about poetry and this brings two world together. Wordsworths present to Lyrical Ballads is his ideas on how he is going to be writing his poetry. In the Preface to Lyrical Ballads The Principal Object of the Poems. downcast and Rustic Life (Wordsworth 434) he discusses how in his poems he wants to create a situation in common life and have all assorted kinds of people relate them to a personal experience they once had in a common language, To throw over them a certain colouring of inclination, whereby ordinary things should be presented to the mid in an unsual way and ,further, and above all, to make these incidents and situations interesting by tracing them truly through not ostentatiously, the capital laws of our nature chiefly, as far as regards the manner in which we familiar ideas in a state of excitement. by saying this in this stanza one can directly relate it to how he then writes Tintern Abbey. In Tintern Abbey Wordsworth uses this imagination to make things like walking through a abbey with your sister can become a magical incident that sends... ...eople that are from two variant classes could talk about one poem and how they feel about it. This rattling changed the how poetry was viewed considering Wordsworth was one of the best of h is time other poets look at what he was doing and responded to his actions and thoughts. Wordsworth explores common themes of the romantic era and makes them apparent to his readers by purpose something important to the common man and using common diction.Before William Wordsworth wrote Tintern Abbey and Preface to Lyrical Ballads, poetry, was written pretty exclusively for and about rich people. Wordsworths mission was to open up literature and to make it more accessible and pleasant to normal, everyday people. He did this by setting up his thoughts in Preface to Lyrical Ballads and then exhausting them in Tintern Abbey and showing how poetry real should be written.

Native american Essay -- essays research papers

People had already been living in the Americas for thousands of years before the Europeans discovered the Americas. When the Europeans invaded this land they brought with them diseases such as smallpox, malaria, yellow fever, plague, typhus, and grippe contagions that repeatedly spread through the Native American quite a littles, killing them in high numbers. At the time the United States was settled by Europeans, it was profusely populated by dozens of separate nations with diverse civilizations and cultures. Despite their initial confusion to their situation after the arrival of Europeans, the Native Americans did not defy their disenfranchisement from their own land lying down. Native Americans have a recollective history of " combat back" against invaders encroaching on the land that they had lived on for as long as they could remember. Before the arrival of white people to the continent, Native Americans still engaged in struggle between the assorted different t ribes. Their reasons for fighting each other were drastically different than the reasons they had when fighting non-Native Americans. Some Native American battles were fought for revenge. The most common cause of war between Native American groups was probably to defend or extend tribal territory. Later, their conflicts with white people were fought for trying to prevent the theft of their land, or in raids for food and supplies they were denied. When the Europeans invaded this country the native American people we...

Misconception in Oedipus the King :: Oedipus Rex Essays

Misconception in Oedipus the King         In many plays a character has a misconception of his her self and/or his or her world.  When this misconception is destroyed it can be a major turning point in the story.  Oedipus Rex by Sophocles is one much(prenominal) story.  In the story Oedipus has such a misconception where he thinks he has a good life, but really his life is morally wrong.  This contributes to the theme or themes of the play when they serve as the defining climax of the story.  When the misconception is stopped Oedipus sees that you cannot hunt or change your past, but you can still do spacious things even if you have been evil or immoral in your life.         When Oedipus was innate(p) it was prophesied that he would kill his father and marry his mother.  His father naturally feared this and told a shepard to take the boy out and kill him when he was still a child.  The kind old shepard could not bring himself to kill a open little boy so he gave him to a passing courier to take as his own.  When Oedipus was older he learned of this prophecy and unexpended home because he loved his foster father who he believed to be his real father.  A while after he ran away he traveling down a road when he saw a coach coming.  It contained his true father, King Laios of Thebes and his bodyguards.  When they almost ran him over Oedipus attacked them killing the bodyguards and his father, thought process that they were highway bandits, and by doing so he unwittingly fulfilled the prophecy.  When he realizes this he is devastated.  This really contributes to the theme, that you cannot escape your past.  The fact that he killed a pansy and his father no less, is a major factor in his transferral later in the story.         When he discovers that King Laios was his real father he sees that by not running away that he could have prevented this alone catastrophe.  This just goes to show that hindsight is always 20/20, Oedipus saw this and realized his mistake.  Him realizing that he cannot go back and change his past is also a forged

The World Bank Essay -- essays research papers fc

The World avowBureaucracy is one of the pillars of late western society. Although thisstatement is debatable from galore(postnominal) aspects, most would agree that, at the veryleast, our lives are greatly affected by bureaucratism. Bureaucracy is the pure make water of rational organization (Newson, Jan 11). Not only is it a method forachieving goals efficiently and effectively, and it is acclaimed as the mostable strategy to meet objectives. The World beach is a classic example of abureaucratic organization. It embodies every last(predicate) the characteristics unavoidable toqualify from its complicated hierarchy and impersonal relations, to thespecialization and career penchant of its employees. However, non everyoneagrees on the competency of the bureaucratic organizational system. George andSabelli in their appropriate Faith and Credit claim that is the very structure of theWorld rim which causes its failures, as well as explaining its continuedexistence despite thes e mistakes. apply Faith and Credit, with a focus onchapter six, it will be shown that it is the bureaucratic methods themselveswhich twist the World wedges goals, and that these methods undermine the caperswhich the Bank has set for itself.The World Bank is one of the worlds most powerful agencies. Although itcharacterizes itself as a purely sparing macrocosm -- which controls thelending of billions of dollars -- in practice its influence, wealth, andpolicies all result in having immense political power (Faith 1). Althoughoriginally created to serve as an institution to help rebuild the world (i.e.Europe) after World War II, its task has since shifted to development work andpoverty reduction. Through its immense control of wealth, and its foreignreputation, the Bank has managed to lend billions to under-developed nations.The loans take many forms, including financing of mega-projects and structuraladjustment. rise in the 1980s vast amounts of criticism on the Bankspolicies be gan to appear, finding faults in overmuch of its work. Many of itsprojects have been declared more harmful than helpful, often worsened names havebeen used. The Bank has managed to make enemies in many activistic circlesincluding environmentalists, feminists and even the people whose aim is toplease poverty workers (Faith 6). Nevertheless the Bank still remains aneminent institution. It is well respected by many intel... ...iticized as an institution which repeatedly fails to attain its goals,and in fact has forgotten them. Although the Bank has the worlds cream of thecrop development workers, its own structure has stif guide, and subdue theseindividuals to the point of falling behind in development strategies and notadapting to authorized world situations of the poor. Its own structure has encourageda quantity not quality philosophy, any attempts to change this philosophy haveonly incense the problem. Finally the poor reputation of the World Bank, dueto its own follies, has l ed to the Bank to shift its focus from development toself preservation, not by means of correction of errors, but through falselypresenting itself. It is the very bureaucratic constitution of the World Bank whichhasled to its failure. Although clearly this paper does not discredit bureaucracy as a world system, it does present the idea that perhaps bureaucracyis not the most efficient and effective method of achieving goals, in allsituations.BibliographyGeorge, Susan and Sabelli, Fabrizio. Faith and Credit The World Banks SecularEmpire. Penguin, Toronto 1994.Newson, Janice. In class lectures. January eighteenth and 25th, 1996.

The Aerospike :: physics aerospike rocket engine

When a rockets fuel ignites, the molecules in the fuel release a tremendous amount of energy in the forms of heat, light, and sound. They expand quick as they move from the throat of the nozzle into the bell. The compressed air inside the inflate wants to expand outward. Therefore it presses against the walls of the balloon in every direction shut out the place where there is no wall - the nozzle of the balloon. Because there is no force vector in this location, adding the vectors yields a realize force to the right.A bell nozzle, where a fuel (liquid Hydrogen) mixes with an oxidizer (liquid Oxygen) at a locate m. As they ignite they are forced into the throat, where they are compressed substantially. As they move out into the bell, they steadily expand, pushing against the nozzle and creating a net upward thrust, similar to the compressed air pushing on the walls of the balloon. Luckily, a rocket can be controlled more than a released balloon.Nozzles do non have to be bell sh aped - as long as gas is expanding and pushing against a surface, creating thrust, any shape can be used One alternative to the bell locomotive engine is the spike configuration. In particular, the Aerospike engine will be described and analyzed.The grip, or annular, engine is oneness of three basic engine designs strobiluss, bells, and annulars.The Cone is the simplest engine design. A cone with a narrow angle go outs the greatest thrust, but a bimestrial engine means increased weight. A short, wide-angle cone tends to be unstable under pressure (in the atmosphere). For example, the Apollo Saturn 5 featured long, relatively veer nozzles for optimum thrust at sea level. The Command Module, which operated only in space, utilized a comparatively wider engine for more expansion in space. The Bell nozzle is a compromise, opening up more rapidly sound the throat and then opening more slowly near the end. However, bell nozzles are optimized for specific altitudes, therefore they wi ll only provide their maximum thrust at a given altitude - at all other points they will provide less-than-optimum thrust.The annular, or altitude compensating engine is a more recently developed design. Commonly referred to as Spike engines, annulars operate with exhaust flow outside what is typically thought of as the nozzle. The exhaust flows around a central spike, rather than being contained by walls. They are called annular because the throat is donut-shaped, with the spike protruding from the middle.

Color Symbolism in the Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay

Colors atomic number 18 an essential part of the human race around us. They can convey messages, expressing that which words do not. Gentle blasphemous tones can calm a person and bright colours can hornswoggle the spirits. If an artist is trying to express sorrow or death he often uses blacks blues, and grays basically he uses dreary colors. With bulge out one word, a driver approaching a red traffic light knows to stop. Colors are representative of many things. In his novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses color symbol throughout as a major device in thematic and character development. He uses colors to symbolize the many different nonphysical ideas in the book. throughout the book characters, places, and objects are given life by colors, especially the more prominent ones.F. Scott Fitzgerald utilizes the color yellow to symbolize honorable deterioration and depravity. F. Scott Fitzgerald writes, The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yel low of her whisker (18). F. Scott Fitzgerald is referring to turkey cock and Daisy Buchannan and he is signifying that Tom is slowly progressing towards moral decay. In the novel, in that location are several incidents that prove Tom is in fact, progressing towards moral decay. First, Tom is having an affair with Myrtle Wilson. Second, Tom does not like Jay Gatsby, and several quantify he attempts to prove that Gatsby is not who he claims he is. Tom sluice goes as far as to hire a detective in his attempts to prove that Gatsby is not who he claims he is. In the novel, Jay Gatsby had a Rolls Royce railway car that was yellow in color. His station wagon scampered like a yellow brisk-bug (. . .) (39). Gatsbys car was referred to many times in the novel, but it was always referred to as The yellow car (157). F... ... in (8). Fitzgerald attempts to describe her in a unblemished fashion in this scene which is the reason for Nicks comment. Throughout the story Fitzgerald portra ys Nick as a person that often resolve other people, and by showing his instant praise towards Jordan he for sure proves that she could be an honest and innocent person, which is why Fitzgerald has her wearing white in this scene, even though the reader can later find out that that is not exactly the truth.Work Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York Scribner, 2013. Print.

Philosophy of Money Essay -- Economics Science Papers

Philosophy of MoneyThis article is an attempt to sketch a philosophical view of money as a social phenomenon. I cross-file that the way to assure the substance of money is to analyze its meaning as a medium of exchange in connection with its meaning as a finding of exchange, thereby providing an investigation of its social value. This glide slope has been use by many of the great philosophers and economists of the past, but not today. Modern economical science is a policy oriented theoretical discipline and concentrates its efforts on resolving power practical tasks. I hope to contribute a philosophical approach to economic research. Money is a reality, a permanent feature of our familiar lives. It gives our lives a finical rhythm, a particular charm, a particular perception of the world and our place in it.Money creates problems when we do not have it, and yet more problems when we do have it. But it is only(prenominal) an illusion that we atomic number 18 in find of our money in veritable fact we do not notice how subtly and intensively it exercises control everyplace us.Money makes us both master and slave. Our power over money is real only inasmuch as we are able to understand its power over us.Man has sought to understand the essence of money for many centuries. Philosophers and economists, statesmen, writers, even poets have written about money. (1) Money has been lauded and cursed, it has been envisage of and disdained. What is money - good or evil? It haves stability and instability and makes bulk looking for and running away from it. Money is capable of creating and destroying, of uniting and disuniting. It makes passel partners and rivals and can influence the fate of individuals and whole nations. But what does money bring - freedom or depende... ...(13) The ideal purpose of money, as well as of the law, is to be a measure of things without being measured itself, a purpose that can be realized fully only by an ageless development. (G.Simmel. The Philosophy of Money/ Ed. by D.Frisby.- L., N.Y. Routledge. 1995, p.511)(14) Exchange is here tough in its broadest sense as the alienation of all that man gives to friendship and the appropriation of all that he receives from society.(15) G.Simmel. The Philosophy of Money./ Ed. By D.Frisby.- L.., N.Y. Routledge, 1995(16) We agree that original theoretical research in economics cannot be effective without philosophy. What are the prospects for bridging disciplinary boundaries and for strengthening the collaboration between economists and philosophers? (D.Hausman.Essays on philosophy and economic methodology.-Cambridge University Press.1992, p.230)

Gaining from Detective Work in Oedipus the King and A Scandal in Bohemi

A emissary story is a musical style of fiction in which a person attempts to solve a abhorrence. The researcher may be a professional or an amateur, and gener tout ensembley has nobody to gain from solving the disgust. However in Sophocles Oedipus the King, the main address Oedipus is not only determined to solve a crime, but he is also in pursuit to find his own identity. This is similar to Arthur Conan Doyles A Scandal in Bohemia where Sherlock Holmes has been hired to work as a detective in return for pecuniary compensation. Both situations alter Oedipus and Sherlock to gain from unraveling the mysteries that sweep their towns hence making these stories different from about detective stories. Few large number think of detective work in regard to Oedipus the King, but this play builds on riddles solved, and unsolved, making it to be a closed book. Oedipus starts out as an optimistic individual who is in fringe of a cold case proclaiming that he is going to solve th e mystery of the murder of King Laius, in order to flavour the evoke from his urban center Thebes. The people of Thebes look up to and Oedipus for solving the Sphinx riddle, You freed us from the Sphinx you came to Thebes and cut us loose from the bloody tribute we had paid that harsh, brutal singer. We taught you nothing, no skill, no extra knowledge, still you triumphed (Sophocles 44-47). The people believe in him without any foregoing knowledge of him. When he first hears of the murder, Oedipus immediately takes on the role as a detective when he hears where shall we find clue to solve that crime after so many years (Sophocles). The Oracle at Delphi tells Oedipus that the plague will be lifted if Thebes banished the man who killed Laius (Sophocles 74, line 350).In the number one Oedipu... ...pensation for his services, but he receives much more, he learns never to under estimation the power and wit of a woman. The label engages the reader to into the literature in or der to piece the clues together to form and understanding of the story. When the reader gets all the clues they realize that these two stories go against the typical form of a detective story, because of the fact that they both gained from solving the crimes. Oedipus was able to benefit from solving the crime in that he was able to lift the plague from Thebes, save the people and find out his true identity. Although the answers didnt necessarily benefit Oedipus in his favor they helped the city return to a state of normalcy. Holmes may stick been beaten by a womans wit, he solved the mystery of A Scandal in Bohemia received a monetary compensation as well as learned a life lesson.

The Fish Essay -- essays research papers

The FishPoems to me ar an fashion of a persons outlook on a special scene or subject. By recitation a rime a person can be enlightened and take an understanding of what they argon actually reading. In The Fish, I personally was caught up in all the excitement because I know what it feels like to catch a really gigantic fish. This numbers, to me, shows an outlook on nature that I fool always been accustomed to. In writing poems there is a livelong category of peckerwoods and techniques you can use to make the poem great sooner of mediocre. In this poem, to me imagery plays a really big role. When you read the poem the imagery lets you not only think about what you are reading but also it lets you actually see it in your head. Another tool use in the poem is personification. It can help the author do so much more explaining than the usual. Personification in this poem is moreover as important as the use of imagery is. Also, the ideas/themes of this poem are very crucial as well to make it a very good poem. When Elizabeth Bishop put all of these tools together she made The Fish what it is today, a great poem.The use of imagery in this poem had to be used in just the right way. If it was not used properly whence the poem could have lost all meaning and understanding, making the poem pretty much useless. When Bishop uses lines like this the imagery is shown very well. Here and there his brown skin hung in strips l...

The Egyptian Religion :: essays research papers

The Egyptian Religion     The Egyptians had a very influential holiness that can be analyzed usingthe five elements of righteousness. The characteristics of the Ancient Egyptiansreligion can be divided into the five elements of religion authority, faith,rituals, moral code, and conception of the deity.     First, the authority of the Egyptian religion. The main authority ofthe Egyptian religion was the Pharaoh, he had divine right over the people andwas considered a god. Also, he could compound the religion any way he wanted, forexample in the fourteenth century BC Akhenaton, the Pharaoh outlawed all gods but Aton,who was the sun god, and this became the starting monotheistic religion in history,but it was short lived, for when he died the brand-new Pharaoh overruled the law andrestored the other gods. The Egyptians Sacred literature was the Book of theDead which consisted of 42 negative confessions , spells and prayers. Hereis a excerpt s from the Book of the Dead1. I stimulate not acted sinfully toward me 2. I be in possession of not oppressed the members of myfamily 3. I pick out not done wrong instead of what is right 4. I have known noworthless folk (Encarta 96)Their were also what we would call "Priests" who sell the people "magical" itemsthat they said would ensure the dead people a way into paradise. Therefore, theauthority of the Egyptian religion was controlled heavily by the government.     Second, the Egyptians credence was an important characteristic of theirreligion. First, they believed that the Pharaoh was a god, and what he spokebecame law. The Egyptians worshipped almost every form of life, the worshippedtrees, water, animals, and even vegetables. The Egyptians also believed that a someone had 2 souls, the ba and the ka, which left the bole at death and whereforereturned later to the body. The Egyptians believed that mummification make surethe ba and the ka would find the body when they returned to the body totransport it to the underworld. The Egyptians also believed that they were the cattle of the gods, and were controlled by them. They also believed that thegods own all the land, so they sold all their crops at the temples.Furthermore, their idea of heaven was that it was in the milky way, that stoodfor a fertile Nile and where good crops grew every year. Their vox populi in a hellwas that the soul was devoured by a nail animal called the Devourer of Soulsand then thrown into a pit of fire. The Egyptians believed that what was placed

Oedipus The King :: Oedipus Rex, Sophocles

The play begins with a crave to Oedipus by the townspeople to rid Thebes of the plague, since he had so heroically understand the riddle of the Sphinx in the past. He sends Creon, his brother-in-law and uncle, to the oracles at Delphi. Creon returns with the cause for the plague the manslayer of the former King Laius was never punished for his crime. So Oedipus pledges himself to seek the sea wolf and punish him as the gods wish. Oedipus summons the people of Thebes and demands that the killer, or whoever had knowledge of the killer, let loose himself. He threatens them with the punishment of banishment. Some members of the group suggest consulting Tiresias, the blind prophet. When he comes, he proves to be useless with his intransigent silence. So Oedipus accuses Tiresias of being an abetter _or_ abettor to the murderer, forcing him to speak. Tiresias then charges Oedipus of the murder, which infuriates him, and also preludes to his &8220shameful intimacy. Oedipus then draws upon his solving of the riddle of the Sphinx to debauch the blind prophet, convinced that he, in alliance with Creon, was plotting against him. Creon&8217s modest rebutter consisted only of a threat to himself- that if Oedipus&8217 claim against him were true, then let him not live out the rest of his days. Later, in a conversation with Oedipus, he justifies his denial of the charge that Oedipus had placed against him by illustrating the irrelevance of attempting to dethrone the king. When Jocasta enters, she sides with Creon and esteem his oath to the gods. But later, when Oedipus says the claim against him is based on prophecy, she reasons with him since she does not hope in prophetic power. She explains how the prophecy of Laius&8217 son killing him never came true. wherefore Oedipus realizes that it was he that had slain Laius and that there was a chance Tiresias was right afterwards all. Oedipus pursues his search for his origin through several occasions. A Corinthian cour ier is the first. He is the one that was given Oedipus with ankles pinned and in turn gave him to Polybus. The messenger plays an cardinal role in revealing this as well as the concomitant that Polybus and Merope were not Oedipus&8217 real parents.

Huck Finn Essays -- essays papers

huck Finn I recently strike the book huckabackleberry Finn by fit distich. This story deals Mainly with a lost boy escaping his approximative existence, and a slave trying to reach freedom. During the course of this book, the slave Jim, and the boy Huck Bond with each other. I enjoyed this book immensely for a couple different reasons. While I liked the story, and the plot unplowed me interested, the real reason I found myself enjoying this book so much, was Mark Twains use of the underlying theme of racial discrimination. In this story, I found myself admiring Hucks innocent approach to slavery, and the treatment of slaves. Is Huck Finn a racial? Now this is a tough question. I would be tempted to say no. He always treats his run away slave-partner Jim equally. neer in this book once did he treat a blue whatever different then he would have treated any white in the same situation. Whether or not Huck was intending to be racist, the fact still remains that h e did not think of blacks as equal. In the time stage Huck Finn was written white children grew up with the mentality that they were a higher social class then the blacks. . I think Huck was subconsciously racist, but too innocent to gain wind its meaning, or even come to a conclusion some whether slavery was right or wrong. All his life Huck had lived in an environment in which slavery and racism were perfectly normal. To him questioning the holiness of slavery would be like us questioning whether its chastely right to keep house pets. Huck acquired his racism from his parental figures. When Huck was living with the widow, she had slaves around. Huck became used to slaves tending to his needs. For a short period in the book, Huck went to live with his dad. His dad frequentl... ...s the Phelps. Huck was a racist throughout the book, but as he would say, he dont mean nothn by it. I think Hucks racism in this book was a pretty evident underlying theme. passim th e book, Mark Twain portrayed Huck as a racist, notwithstanding kind to blacks. Hucks innocence in this book allowed him to be kind to blacks and yet still look at whites in a superior way. Even at the end of the book when Huck unflinching that he was going to do what he thought was the wrong function and free Jim, he never came to the conclusion that slavery and racism competency be wrong, and he might be on the right track. Twains use of racism in a child as an underlying theme intrigued me. I believe in order to get a full idea of what I am talking about, you should read this book. I would highly recommend Huckleberry Finn to any college student looking for a good story with a lot of depth.