Linguistic culture

When I finished read Laura Bohannans essay Shakespeare in the Bush I felt that I was smiling. Can you beat it Elizabeth Bowen-Smith (who allow became Laura Bohannan later), intelligent student of Oxford university, sits on the calabash, drinks beer and apologize the tarradiddle of hamlet to root of tribes men. Some of them are a real experienced, old person who get it ons things. It seems that Laura met actually interesting comp each they are bilingual ( only when their English is much worse than their native Tiv speech communication (Tiv-Batu sub-group of the Bantoid branch of the Benue-Congo subdivision of Niger-Congo)), they know just now own civilization and believe that raft in all human being are the same.This c formerlypt of universal understanding brought her audience to idea that this new-fashi unitaryd europiuman girl (because all whites should be Europeans) do non phone this history exactly. She made a lot of mistakes and some contingents of crossroads h istory were so strange for Tiv traditions that they were even fain to acknowledge that Europe is really another world. Bohannan told close small town in very saucer-eyed words and Tiv understood village plot, but very generally.Different ethnic backgrounds not barely make the Tiv and Bohannan deem very variant watchations of settlement status (son of psyche) or the general ideas of life and close. unless the Tiv people interpreted several specific aspects of the story much otherwise than the modern Western culture. Al to the highest degree from the beginning of Bohannans tale, tribe members fitful to question and disagree with her ab come on most of the key elements in the story. there was the appearance of junctures aims ghost, Claudius conjugation to Gertrude, the item that juncture couldnt hook up with Ophelia, hamlets dementia, Polonius death, Ophelias drowning death and the poison for after the final duel.The ghost of Hamlets military chaplain appeared in the castle to inform Hamlet of the truth about his death. The most of modern people could easily rationalize what is a ghost. The Tiv thought otherwise. The tribesmen scoffed at the notion that Hamlets father is a ghost because they dont believe that any individualist part of human personality survives after death.Tiv culture believes in witches and witchcraft, and and accordingly(prenominal) Hamlets father image must eat up been a zombie sent by witches as an omen. I like this career from Bohannans essay The old men muttered such omens were matters for primary(prenominal)s and elders, not for youngsters no good could come of going behind a master(prenominal)s back intelligibly Horatio was not a man who knew things (Bohannan).It seems that witches and their magic power were reality for Tiv people. You know that their religious beliefs were centered around the concept of akombo, defined as witching(prenominal) forces and their emblems. Between concepts of ghost and akom bo we have intercultural gap. These words squeeze outnot be translated to other language without loosing some sense. Any translation is approximation only. For full understanding people should be members of certain society.Lets go on. In the story of Hamlet, Hamlets uncle, Claudius, marries Hamlets mother, Gertrude. This marriage was only twain months after Claudius brother, the King, was eradicateed. The modern Western culture feels that this marriage was incestuous. It also took shoes too soon after the death of her husband. The Tiv, however, found no conundrum with it. It was a custom for the natives for the brother of a deceased man to marry his wife. This way, the fields could be taken care of and the farms could be managed.Another detail one of the younger Tiv men asked Laura who had married the other wives of the dead chief (King). When she told that the King had only one wife they were surprised. But a chief must have umpteen wives How else can he brew beer and neaten food for all his guests? (Bohannan). Laura explanation about European tradition to have only one wife and to use servants for homework (and especially mentioning taxes) makes Tiv men to adduce an argument It was better for a chief to have many wives and sons who would help him hoe his farms and feed his people then everyone loved the chief who gave much and took nothing (Bohannan).As you remember, in the Shakespeares play, Hamlet could not marry his true love, Ophelia, because he was royalty and she a commoner. The Tiv disagreed with this also. They felt that the marriage should be permitted because since Hamlet was royalty, then he could shower Ophelias father, Polonius, with gifts and money. This seemed to be very rational to the Tiv, although it seems to be an odd to the modern Western culture.Since Hamlet was not permitted to marry Ophelia, he went mad. In the western tradition the imperious imaging of love madness appeared probably in troubadours songs, probably in more(pren ominal) ancient times. But for African tribe it was impossible to refer madness to unhappy love affair. The Tiv felt that Hamlets madness was attributed to more serious cause to witchcraft. They said her that only witchcraft can make anyone mad, unless, of course, one sees the beings that lurk in the forest (Bohannan).Laura did the best to explain relations between Hamlet, his uncle and his mother. These episodes of the play were absolutely unclear for Tiv people. They had several arguments for their position. Hamlet scolded his mother for her sin but man should never scold his mother. Hamlet wanted to kill Claudius who killed his father but no clay can kill or attempt to kill his elders (in Tiv traditions). Tiv men said Hamlet should have contacted his fathers friends to avenge the make of King but do not try and avenge the murder himself.I found no Tiv reactions (and no explanation by Laura) to the moment when Hamlet went to kill Claudius but found him praying. He did not kill him because he believed that killing Claudius plot in prayer would send Claudiuss soul to heaven. We know that Tiv do not believe in the beyond. So this motive should not be clear for them. Laura missed this episode. May be she felt that she had no chances to explain this for her audience? She also did not tell about Hamlets words about Polonius murder Heaven hath pleased it so / To penalise me with this, and this with me (Hamlet, III.iv.157158) and about Polonius bole The body is with the king, but the king is not with the body (Hamlet IV.ii.2526).When Hamlet killed Polonius, Ophelias father, she was so distraught after hearing about this that she committed suicide by drowning herself. The Tiv were strongly opposed to this. They felt that only witches could make someone drown because water alone cannot hurt someone. It is merely something one drinks and bathes in (Bohannan). They understood that Ophelias brother, Laertes, killed her to sell her to the witches because he ran out of money.Also, at Ophelias funeral, Laertes jumped into her grave to say his last goodbye. Hamlet then jumped into the grave to say his last goodbye, also. The Tiv thought that Laertes was trying to steal the body so he could sell it to the witches. Since Hamlet jumped in, then he saved Ophelias body from being sold. They felt that Laertes wanted to kill Hamlet because he prevented him from selling Ophelias body. And I like Tiv explanation very much Hamlet prevented him, because the chiefs heir, like a chief, does not wish any other man to grow rich and powerful. (Bohannan)About understanding the duel between Hamlet and Laertes. King Claudius gave Laertes a poisoned rapier (probably Laura translated it as matchet) so that Hamlet would die even if he was just scratched by the sword. Laertes has his sword poisoned in an effort to do Hamlet in once and for all. Claudius wanted Hamlet dead because he knew the truth about his fathers death. Just in case Hamlet survived the battle, a g rump of poisoned wine-coloured was waiting for the victor.The wine unfortunately fell into the wrong hands, and Hamlets mother drank it and died. The modern Western culture believes that the wine was intend for Hamlet in case he survived the duel. The Tiv believe otherwise. They felt that the wine was intended for the victor of the match, either Hamlet or Laertes. They thought that it would be used to kill Hamlet because he knew true about the murder of his father, or it would be used to kill Laertes so no one would know about the conspiracy between him and Claudius to kill Hamlet.I theorize that the main point of Bohannans essay was to illustrate that different cultures interpret things differently. What we accept is influenced by our own cultural and linguistic values. Both interpretations of Hamlet are correct according to the cultural values of the two different cultures. (May be Tiv opinion is more correct because they proposed for Laura to tell them some more stories of her country.They said We, who are elders, will instruct you in their true meaning, so that when you return to your own land your elders will see that you have not been sitting in the bush, but among those who know things and who have taught you wisdom. (Bohannan)) It seems that the author intentions is not a matter. If our interpretation is different than that of the author, but the story still influenced our life, then that is all that matters. Word is just symbol and everyone can understand it how he can. But if you want to communicate with other people you should learn their culture and to speak their language.ReferencesBohannan, Laura (1971), from Conformity and Conflict Readings in Cultural Anthropology, eds. James P. Spradley and David W. McCurdy capital of Massachusetts Little Brown and Company. <http//www.cc.gatech.edu/idris/Essays/Shakes_in_Bush.htm>Ethnographic Atlas of the Center of Social Anthropology and Computing. University of Kent at Canterbury<http//lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7874>William Shakespeare. Hamlet The Oxford Shakespeare.1914<http//www.alma.edu/students/students/02merosa/hamlet/hamlet_fulltext.htm>